On this day | April 19th

On this day: April 19th

Credit/Source: Wikipedia

AD 65 The freedman Milichus betrays Pisonian conspiracy to kill the Roman emperor Nero and all of the List of conspiracies (political) are arrested.

531 Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine Empire army under Belisarius is defeated by the Sasanian Empire at Raqqa (northern Syria).

1506 The Lisbon Massacre begins, in which accused Jews are slaughtered by Portuguese people Catholics.

1529 Beginning of the Protestant Reformation: After the Second Diet of Speyer bans Lutheranism, a group of rulers (''German:'' Fürst) and Free imperial city Protestation at Speyer the reinstatement of the Edict of Worms.

1539 The Treaty of Frankfurt (1539) between Protestants and the Holy Roman Emperor is signed.

1608 In Ireland, O'Doherty's Rebellion is launched by the Burning of Derry.

1677 The French army Siege of Cambrai (1677) held by Spanish troops.

1713 With no living male heirs, Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, issues the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 to ensure that Habsburg lands and the Habsburg monarchy would be inheritable by a female; his daughter and successor, Maria Theresa, was not born until 1717.

1770 Captain James Cook, still holding the rank of lieutenant, sights the eastern coast of what is now Australia.

1770 Marie Antoinette marries Louis XVI of France in a proxy marriage.

1775 American Revolutionary War: The war begins with an American victory in Concord during the battles of Lexington and Concord.

1782 John Adams secures Netherlands–United States relations as an independent government. The house which he had purchased in The Hague becomes the first American embassy.

1809 An Austrian corps is defeated by the forces of the Duchy of Warsaw in the Battle of Raszyn (1809), part of the struggles of the Fifth Coalition. On the same day the Austrian main army is defeated by a First French Empire Corps led by Louis-Nicolas Davout at the Battle of Teugen-Hausen in Bavaria, part of a four-day campaign that ended in a French victory.

1810 Venezuela achieves home rule: Vicente Emparán, Governor of the Captaincy General is removed by the people of Caracas and a Supreme Junta is installed.

1818 French physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel signs his preliminary "Note on the Theory of Diffraction" (deposited on the following day). The document ends with what we now call the Fresnel integrals.

1839 The Treaty of London (1839) establishes Belgium as a kingdom and guarantees its neutrality.

1861 American Civil War: Baltimore riot of 1861: A pro-Secession in the United States # Confederate States of America mob in Baltimore attacks United States Army troops marching through the city.

1903 The Chișinău pogrom (1903) in Kishinev (Bessarabia) begins, forcing tens of thousands of Jews to later seek refuge in History of Palestine # Ottoman period and the Western world.

1927 Mae West is sentenced to ten days in jail for obscenity for her play ''Sex (play)''.

1936 The Jaffa riots (April 1936) commence, initiating the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine.

1942 World War II: In German-occupied Poland, the Majdan-Tatarski ghetto is established, situated between the Lublin Ghetto and a Majdanek subcamp.

1943 World War II: In German-occupied Poland, the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising begins, after Nazi Germany troops enter the Warsaw Ghetto to round up the remaining Jews.

1943 Albert Hofmann deliberately doses himself with LSD for the first time, three days after having discovered its effects on April 16, an event commonly known and celebrated as History_of_lysergic_acid_diethylamide # %22Bicycle_Day%22.

1956 Actress Grace Kelly marries Rainier III, Prince of Monaco.

1960 Students in South Korea hold April Revolution against president of South Korea Syngman Rhee, eventually forcing him to resign.

1971 Sierra Leone becomes a republic, and Siaka Stevens the president.

1971 Launch of Salyut 1, the first space station.

1971 Charles Manson is sentenced to death (later commuted to life imprisonment) for conspiracy (criminal) in the Tate–LaBianca murders.

1973 The Portuguese Socialist Party (Portugal) is founded in the German town of Bad Münstereifel.

1975 India's first satellite Aryabhata (satellite) launched in orbit from Kapustin Yar, Russia.

1975 Army of the Republic of Vietnam Battle of Xuan Loc in the last major battle of the Vietnam War.

1976 A 1976 Brownwood tornado strikes around Brownwood, Texas, injuring 11 people. Two people were thrown at least by the tornado and survived uninjured.

1984 ''Advance Australia Fair'' is proclaimed as Australia's national anthem, and green and gold as the National colours of Australia.

1985 Two hundred Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms and FBI agents lay siege to the compound of the White supremacy Survivalism group The Covenant, the Sword, and the Arm of the Lord in Arkansas; the CSA surrenders two days later.

1987 ''The Simpsons'' first appear as a series of The Simpsons on ''The Tracey Ullman Show'', first starting with "Good Night (The Simpsons short)".

1989 A gun turret USS Iowa turret explosion on the , killing 47 sailors.

1993 The 51-day FBI Waco siege of the Branch Davidian building in Waco, Texas, USA, ends when a fire breaks out. Seventy-six Davidians, including 18 children under age 10, died in the fire.

1995 Oklahoma City bombing: The Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, USA, is bombed, killing 168 people including 19 children under the age of six.

1999 The German Bundestag Decision on the Capital of Germany to Berlin.

2000 Air Philippines Flight 541 crashes in Samal, Davao del Norte, killing all 131 people on board.

2001 Space Shuttle Endeavour is launched on STS-100 carrying the Mobile Servicing System to the International Space Station.

2005 Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger is Papal conclave, 2005 to the papacy and becomes Pope Benedict XVI.

2011 Fidel Castro resigns as First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba after holding the title since July 1961.

2013 Boston Marathon bombing suspect Tamerlan Tsarnaev is killed in a shootout with police. His brother Dzhokhar Tsarnaev is later captured hiding in a boat inside a backyard in the suburb of Watertown, Massachusetts.

2020 2020 Nova Scotia attacks in Nova Scotia, Canada, leaves 22 people and the perpetrator dead, making it the deadliest rampage in the country's history.

2021 The ''Ingenuity (helicopter)'' helicopter becomes the first aircraft to achieve flight on another planet.

1452 Frederick of Naples, King of Naples (d. 1504)

1593 Sir John Hobart, 2nd Baronet, English politician (d. 1647)

1603 Michel Le Tellier, French politician, Minister of Defence (France) (d. 1685)

1613 Christoph Bach (musician), German musician (d. 1661)

1633 Willem Drost, Dutch painter (d. 1659)

1655 George St Lo, Royal Navy officer and administrator (d. 1718)

1658 Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine, German husband of Archduchess Maria Anna Josepha of Austria (d. 1716)

1665 Jacques Lelong, French author (d. 1721)

1686 Vasily Tatishchev, Russian ethnographer and politician (d. 1750)

1715 James Nares (composer), English organist and composer (d. 1783)

1721 Roger Sherman, American lawyer and politician (d. 1793)

1734 Karl von Ordóñez, Austrian violinist and composer (d. 1786)

1757 Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth, English admiral and politician (d. 1833)

1758 William Carnegie, 7th Earl of Northesk, Scottish admiral (d. 1831)

1785 Alexandre Pierre François Boëly, French pianist and composer (d. 1858)

1787 Deaf Smith, American soldier (d. 1837)

1793 Ferdinand I of Austria (d. 1875)

1806 Sarah Bagley, American labor organizer (d. 1889)

1814 Louis Amédée Achard, French journalist and author (d. 1875)

1831 Mary Louise Booth, American writer, editor and translator (d. 1889)

1832 José Echegaray, Spanish poet and playwright, Nobel Prize in Literature laureate (d. 1916)

1835 Julius Krohn, Finnish poet and journalist (d. 1888)

1863 Hemmo Kallio, Finnish actor (d. 1940)

1872 Alice Salomon, German social reformer (d. 1948)

1873 Sydney Barnes, English cricketer (d. 1967)

1874 Ernst Rüdin, Swiss psychiatrist, geneticist, and eugenicist (d. 1952)

1877 Ole Evinrude, Norwegian-American engineer, invented the outboard motor (d. 1934)

1879 Arthur Robertson (athlete), Scottish runner (d. 1957)

1882 Getúlio Vargas, Brazilian lawyer and politician, 14th President of Brazil (d. 1954)

1883 Henry Jameson, American soccer player (d. 1938)

1883 Richard von Mises, Austrian-American mathematician and physicist (d. 1953)

1885 Karl Tarvas, Estonian architect (d. 1975)

1889 Otto Georg Thierack, German jurist and politician (d. 1946)

1891 Françoise Rosay, French actress (d. 1974)

1892 Germaine Tailleferre, French composer and educator (d. 1983)

1894 Elizabeth Dilling, American author and activist (d. 1966)

1897 Peter de Noronha, Indian businessman and philanthropist (d. 1970)

1897 Jiroemon Kimura, Japanese super-centenarian, oldest verified man ever (d. 2013)

1898 Constance Talmadge, American actress and producer (d. 1973)

1899 George O'Brien (actor), American actor (d. 1985)

1899 Cemal Tollu, Turkish lieutenant and painter (d. 1968)

1900 Iracema de Alencar, Brazilian film actress (d. 1978)

1900 Richard Hughes (writer), English author, poet, and playwright (d. 1976)

1900 Roland Michener, Canadian lawyer and politician, 20th Governor General of Canada (d. 1991)

1900 Rhea Silberta, American Yiddish songwriter and singing teacher (d. 1959)

1902 Veniamin Kaverin, Russian author and screenwriter (d. 1989)

1903 Eliot Ness, American law enforcement agent (d. 1957)

1908 Irena Eichlerówna, Polish actress (d. 1990)

1912 Glenn T. Seaborg, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize in Chemistry laureate (d. 1999)

1913 Ken Carpenter (discus thrower), American discus thrower and coach (d. 1984)

1917 Sven Hassel, Danish-German soldier and author (d. 2012)

1919 Sol Kaplan, American pianist and composer (d. 1990)

1920 Marvin Mandel, American lawyer and politician, 56th Governor of Maryland (d. 2015)

1920 Julien Ries, Belgian cardinal (d. 2013)

1920 Ragnar Ulstein, Norwegian journalist and war historian (d. 2019)

1921 Anna Lee Aldred, American jockey (d. 2006)

1921 Leon Henkin, American logician (d. 2006)

1921 Roberto Tucci, Italian Jesuit leader, cardinal, and theologian (d. 2015)

1922 Erich Hartmann, German colonel and pilot (d. 1993)

1922 David Smith (Rhodesian politician), politician in Rhodesia and Zimbabwe (d. 1996)

1925 John Kraaijkamp, Sr., Dutch actor (d. 2011)

1925 Hugh O'Brian, American actor (d. 2016)

1926 Rawya Ateya, Egyptian captain and politician (d. 1997)

1928 John Horlock, English engineer and academic (d. 2015)

1928 Azlan Shah of Perak, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (d. 2014)

1931 Walter Stewart (journalist), Canadian journalist and author (d. 2004)

1932 Fernando Botero, Colombian painter and sculptor (d. 2023)

1933 Jayne Mansfield, American model and actress (d. 1967)

1934 Dickie Goodman, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 1989)

1935 Dudley Moore, English actor, comedian, and pianist (d. 2002)

1935 Justin Rigali, American cardinal

1936 Wilfried Martens, Belgian politician, 60th Prime Minister of Belgium (d. 2013)

1936 Jack Pardee, American football player and coach (d. 2013)

1937 Antonio Carluccio, Italian-English chef and author (d. 2017)

1937 Elinor Donahue, American actress

1937 Joseph Estrada, Filipino politician, 13th President of the Philippines

1938 Stanley Fish, American theorist, author, and scholar

1939 Clay Shaw (politician), American accountant, judge, and politician (d. 2013)

1941 Michel Roux, French-English chef and author (d. 2020)

1941 Bobby Russell, American singer-songwriter (d. 1992)

1942 Alan Price, English keyboard player, singer, and composer

1943 Margo MacDonald, Scottish journalist and politician (d. 2014)

1944 James Heckman, American economist and academic, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences laureate

1944 Bernie Worrell, American keyboard player and songwriter (d. 2016)

1946 Tim Curry, English actor and singer

1951 Jóannes Eidesgaard, Faroese educator and politician, Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands

1952 Simon Cowell (conservationist), English conservationist and author

1954 Trevor Francis, English footballer and manager (d. 2023)

1956 Anne Glover (biologist), Scottish biologist and academic

1957 Mukesh Ambani, Indian businessman, chairman of Reliance Industries Limited

1960 Ara Gevorgyan, Armenian pianist, composer, and producer

1960 Frank Viola, American baseball player and coach

1964 Kim Weaver, American astrophysicist, astronomer, and academic

1965 Suge Knight, American record executive

1966 Véronique Gens, French soprano and actress

1968 Ashley Judd, American actress

1968 Mswati III, King (''Ngwenyama'') of Eswatini (Swaziland)

1970 Kelly Holmes, English athlete and double Olympic champion

1972 Rivaldo Vitor Borba Ferreira, Brazilian footballer

1978 James Franco, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter

1978 Amanda Sage, American-Austrian painter and educator

1979 Kate Hudson, American actress

1981 Hayden Christensen, Canadian actor

1981 Lise Klaveness, Norwegian footballer and lawyer, president of the Norwegian Football Federation

1981 Troy Polamalu, American football player

1982 Samuel C. Morrison, Jr., Liberian-American journalist, producer, and screenwriter

1982 Ali Wong, American comedian and actress

1983 Joe Mauer, American baseball player

1986 Candace Parker, American basketball player

1987 Joe Hart, English footballer

1987 Maria Sharapova, Russian tennis player

1989 Simu Liu, Canadian actor

1990 Jackie Bradley Jr., American baseball player

1990 Kim Chiu, Filipino actress, singer, and dancer

1991 Kelly Olynyk, Canadian basketball player

2002 Loren Gray, American singer and internet personality

843 Judith of Bavaria (died 843), Frankish empress

1012 Ælfheah of Canterbury, English archbishop and saint (b. 954)

1013 Hisham II, Umayyad caliph of Córdoba (b. 966)

1044 Gothelo I, Duke of Lorraine, duke of Lorraine

1054 Pope Leo IX, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1002)

1321 Gerasimus I of Constantinople, patriarch of Constantinople

1390 Robert II of Scotland, king of Scotland (b. 1316)

1405 Thomas West, 1st Baron West, English nobleman (b. 1335)

1431 Adolph III, Count of Waldeck, count of Waldeck (b. 1362)

1560 Philip Melanchthon, German theologian and reformer (b. 1497)

1567 Michael Stifel, German monk and mathematician (b. 1487)

1578 Uesugi Kenshin, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1530)

1588 Paolo Veronese, Italian painter (b. 1528)

1608 Thomas Sackville, 1st Earl of Dorset, English poet, playwright, and politician, Lord High Treasurer (b. 1536)

1618 Thomas Bastard, English priest and author (b. 1566)

1619 Jagat Gosain, Mughal empress (b. 1573)

1629 Sigismondo d'India, Italian composer (b. 1582)

1686 Antonio de Solís y Ribadeneyra, Spanish historian and playwright (b. 1610)

1689 Christina, Queen of Sweden, queen of Sweden (b. 1626)

1733 Elizabeth Hamilton, Countess of Orkney, countess of Orkney (b. 1657)

1739 Nicholas Saunderson, English mathematician and academic (b. 1682)

1768 Canaletto, Italian painter and etcher (b. 1697)

1776 Jacob Emden, German rabbi and author (b. 1697)

1791 Richard Price, Welsh-English preacher and philosopher (b. 1723)

1813 Benjamin Rush, American physician and educator (b. 1745)

1824 Lord Byron, English-Scottish poet and playwright (b. 1788)

1831 Johann Gottlieb Friedrich von Bohnenberger, German astronomer and mathematician (b. 1765)

1833 James Gambier, 1st Baron Gambier, Bahamian-English admiral and politician, 36th List of lieutenant governors of Newfoundland and Labrador (b. 1756)

1840 Jean-Jacques Lartigue, Canadian bishop (b. 1777)

1854 Robert Jameson, Scottish mineralogist and academic (b. 1774)

1881 Benjamin Disraeli, English journalist and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1804)

1882 Charles Darwin, English biologist and theorist (b. 1809)

1893 Martin Körber, Estonian-German pastor, composer, and conductor (b. 1817)

1901 Alfred Horatio Belo, American publisher, founded ''The Dallas Morning News'' (b. 1839)

1903 Oliver Mowat, Canadian politician, third Premier of Ontario, eighth Lieutenant Governor of Ontario (b. 1820)

1906 Pierre Curie, French physicist and academic, Nobel Prize in Physics laureate (b. 1859)

1906 Spencer Gore (sportsman), English tennis player and cricketer (b. 1850)

1909 Signe Rink, Greenland-born Danish writer and ethnologist (b. 1836)

1914 Charles Sanders Peirce, American mathematician and philosopher (b. 1839)

1915 Thomas Playford II, English-Australian politician, 17th Premier of South Australia (b. 1837)

1916 Ephraim Shay, American engineer, designed the Shay locomotive (b. 1839)

1926 Alexander Alexandrovich Chuprov, Russian-Swiss statistician and theorist (b. 1874)

1930 Georges-Casimir Dessaulles, Canadian businessman and politician (b. 1827)

1937 Martin Conway, 1st Baron Conway of Allington, English cartographer and politician (b. 1856)

1937 William Morton Wheeler, American entomologist and zoologist (b. 1865)

1940 Jack McNeela, Irish Republican died on hunger strike

1941 Johanna Müller-Hermann, Austrian composer (b. 1878)

1949 Ulrich Salchow, Danish-Swedish figure skater (b. 1877)

1950 Ernst Robert Curtius, French-German philologist and scholar (b. 1886)

1952 Steve Conway (singer), British singer (b. 1921)

1955 Jim Corbett, British-Indian colonel, hunter, and author (b. 1875)

1960 Beardsley Ruml, American economist and statistician (b. 1894)

1961 Max Hainle, German swimmer (b. 1882)

1966 Väinö Tanner, Finnish politician of Social Democratic Party of Finland; the Prime Minister of Finland (b. 1881)

1967 Konrad Adenauer, German politician, 1st Chancellor of Germany (b. 1876)

1971 Luigi Piotti, Italian race car driver (b. 1913)

1975 Percy Lavon Julian, American chemist and academic (b. 1899)

1988 Kwon Ki-ok, Korean pilot (b. 1901)

1989 Daphne du Maurier, English novelist and playwright (b. 1907)

1991 Stanley Hawes, English-Australian director and producer (b. 1905)

1992 Frankie Howerd, English actor and screenwriter (b. 1917)

1993 David Koresh, American cult leader (b. 1959)

1993 George S. Mickelson, American captain, lawyer, and politician, 28th Governor of South Dakota (b. 1941)

1998 Octavio Paz, Mexican poet, philosopher, and academic Nobel Prize in Literature laureate (b. 1914)

1999 Hermine Braunsteiner, Austrian-German SS officer (b. 1919)

2000 Louis Applebaum, Canadian composer and conductor (b. 1918)

2002 Reginald Rose, American writer (b. 1920)

2004 Norris McWhirter, English author and activist co-founded the Guinness World Records (b. 1925)

2004 John Maynard Smith, English biologist and geneticist (b. 1920)

2004 Jenny Pike, Canadian WWII servicewoman and photographer (b. 1922)

2006 Albert Scott Crossfield, American engineer, pilot, and astronaut (b. 1921)

2007 Jean-Pierre Cassel, French actor (b. 1932)

2009 J. G. Ballard, English novelist, short story writer, and essayist (b. 1930)

2011 Elisabeth Sladen, English actress (b. 1946)

2012 Levon Helm, American musician and actor (b. 1940)

2013 François Jacob, French biologist and academic, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate (b. 1920)

2013 Al Neuharth, American journalist, author, and publisher, founded ''USA Today'' (b. 1924)

2015 Raymond Carr, English historian and academic (b. 1919)

2015 Roy Mason, English miner and politician, Secretary of State for Defence (b. 1924)

2016 Patricio Aylwin, Chilean politician (b. 1918)

2017 Lu Chao-Hsuan, Taiwanese guitarist, performer and educator. (b. 1929)

2021 Walter Mondale, American politician, 42nd Vice President of the United States (b. 1928)

2021 Jim Steinman, American composer, lyricist (b. 1947)

2022 Kane Tanaka, Japanese supercentenarian (b. 1903)

2023 Moonbin, South Korean singer and actor (b. 1998)

2024 Daniel Dennett, American philosopher and author (b. 1942)

Christian Calendar of saints:

- Ælfheah of Canterbury (Anglican, Catholic)

- Conrad of Ascoli

- Emma of Lesum

- Expeditus

- Saint George the Confessor

- Olaus Petri and Laurentius Petri (Lutheran)

- Pope Leo IX

- Ursmar

- April 19 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/19 BBC: On This Day]

[https://www.onthisday.com/events/april/19 Historical Events on April 19]